1 10 1 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/21127/archive/files/72f322be359eb0726cb34c411f5904c7.pdf?Expires=1774483200&Signature=UGD5WPmEBFRnVedOWIv1Wb4f2mmllIOBVh3UPorV08YNu6dnW3bBHIa56mwlKJqUFaTdJGBJe4aplrsU3X1yQm8%7Erwcgwvq56rpDY-xsablO6XPXJBF1PlEh9D7amKEIWyn5Trug69ZFUifmhuR8mBpd2MRx80lE3o4B0gKkWg1OVfeTj21zAvTOdDrjpo1RB%7EXkfTsLa%7EwN%7Efa9romSo34bMEWRApyAtRAOZEX-iSMC%7ENSLTh5NVxq8QhZok0XEm%7EQ3nTKIvI5fcfLjJAZ7Vja4y7AxLqEvhST8CID8gJn1iLKB9Ij8Aa0sQyjPTmyzUXvq%7EihHEn0p3jei6NWu7g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e303cc0a862152d0102624da06a467a8 PDF Text Text �Significance, risk and the maintenance of Engineering and Industrial Objects – a continuing discussion. �David Hallam, Ainslie Greiner, Michiel Brunott National Museum of Australia �Object or Artifact ��NMA consequences assessment NMA Functional objects Planning Tool �Risk? Per second or per 100 years �Approach Our aim should be to find the rate limiting steps for minimising deterioration while maximising use and preservation. As with other cultural items the conservation and maintenance of functional objects should acknowledge engineering culture, it’s values and aspirations. �What's “best” for the object? • • • • • Non Functional Maintained Static Functional?– Storage/exhibition and limited use? �Operation Without planning or non use without thought are both maximising the risk of loss What happens in original oil and hydraulic systems over 100 years? We remove chlorides from maritime objects why not replace fluids with inhibitors? �A Study of Functional Fluids in Static vehicles at Coventry Transport Museum In total we sampled • 30 Brake and Clutch fluids samples • 31 Coolant samples • 11 Engine oil samples • 4 Power-steering oil samples • 3 Automatic Transmission oil samples • 6 Gearbox oil samples • 2 Differential oil samples • 2 Stale fuel samples -11- Figure 2 collected samples Total of 89 samples �Cooling System Corrosion �Bentley Fig 11 -exhaust valve open Fig 13 Corrosion on bore liner closed valves Fig 12 corrosion around closed valve Fig 14 oxidation lines on bore wall open valves �Bentley 1924 Cylinder N°1 T.B.C Cylinder N°2 B.D.C piston Cylinder N°2 scoring on opposite plug Valves crown thrust side Cylinder No 2Bore & Corrosion valve N°2 Exhaust valve open scoring and corrosion Cylinder closed Bentley 1924 Fluid: Engine oil (probably st/30) Last driven: June 1980 Photographs: Michiel Brunott Exhaust ports Photographs: copyright Coventry Transport Museum �• Significance is a difficult term to define in a museum context. What makes something worthy of preservation for the greater good of humanity? See http://significance.collectionscouncil.com. au • Significance and Value are interchangeable words • In Australia we use Significance particularly “significance 2” �Risk Rare Occasional Continuous Mild Fuel Brake lockup contamination Significant Bird dropping Rubber /plastic Storage rash while on fatigue exterior display A crash Debris build Corrosion up Catastrophic Wear �• Accept • Avoid • Reduce �NMA consequences assessment l Excel spread sheet that allows you to look at risk significance and the consequences in a numeric manner. �How soon? (rate, or probability, of damage) Risks that occur as distinct events Risks that accumulate gradually 3 Occurs about once every year Damage occurs in about 1 year 2 Occurs about once in 10 years Damage occurs in about 10 years 1 Occurs about once in 100 years Damage occurs in about 100 years 0 Occurs about once in 1000 years Damage occurs in about 1000 years 3 2 1 0 How much damage to each affected system? (proportional loss of value) Total or almost total loss of system (100%) Significant but limited damage to each system (10%) Moderate or reversible damage to each system (1%) Just observable damage to the system (0.1%) 3 2 1 0 How much of the system is affected? (fraction of collection at risk) All or most of the system (100%) A large fraction of the system (10%) A small fraction of the system (1%) One component of a system (0.1% or less) 3 2 1 0 How important are the affected systems? (value of artefacts at risk) Much higher than average significance (100 times the average value) Higher than average significance (10 times the average value) Average significance for this collection Lower than average value for this collection (1/10 the average value) �What aspects are important Top Fuel Drag racer basic template unmaintained storage risk of damage or failure How How How much of importa much the nt are How damage system the soon? to each is affected affected affected systems system? ? ? Bodywork and interior Engine and Transmission Brake and hydrologic System Electrical System Cooling System Chassis, suspension and Wheels 3 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 Functional Significance 3 8 12 12 8 11 11 consequences possible 72 62 Primary criteria (significance 2) Historic significance Artistic or aesthetic significance Scientific or research significance Social or spiritual significance 2 2 1 2 Plus 3 2 3 Total risk Artefact or Object? 3 �0 Prototype Bean 1 Maintained storage Unmaintained storage 5 Maintained storage Unmaintained storage 3 Maintained storage Unmaintained storage 2 Maintained storage Unmaintained storage Maintained storage Unmaintained storage 40 Maintained storage Unmaintained storage consequences 70 60 50 6 4 30 20 consequences 10 Wolsley MenziesABC Van Drag racer Top Fuel �Storage and limited use The basic approach is that objects spend most time in storage/display. They have limited but periodic use and maintenance. Frequency depends on -materials basedconservation requirements and public programs demand. �Maintenance • Typical maintenance will entail. • Running the object to operating temperature for 30 minutes • Changing fluids –filling tires with nitrogen • Adjusting and tuning • Monitoring • Cycling all systems. �NMA Functional objects Planning Tool • We are trying to improve the development of the planning tool used by the NMA • Our current model is based on Johanna Barr’s work mixed with our risk and significance based approach • This is a project in development! �The Tool • Planning • Implementation • Feedback �Planning • • • • • • • • • Curatorial and Conservation assessment Engineering assessment Statement of Significance Risks evaluation Curatorial Objectives Conservation Objectives Treatment Plan – collaborative Maintenance Plan Usage Plan �Implementation • • • • • • Research and materials selection Treatment Implementation Documentation Training Plan Maintenance Implementation Monitoring required �Monitoring and feedback • • • • Monitoring Reporting Feedback – to implementation Publication - feedback to community �Maintenance - Monitoring • Just noticeable Wear • Monitoring ensures this is happening • Preservation systems like mothballing which do not allow monitoring and retreatment are to be avoided �Monitoring • • • • • XRF pH Conductivity Smell Taste ��Methods and Materials Choice P n it S e le e r e h ls y Mdu ei m • Risks of deterioration P P O2 • Choice – approach, planning and Csr G at ld materials, skillsolehiTXO er V c s le • Application 1 0B T 6 SK • Monitoring U c ae no t d s e te l • Examples500-SN fluids, PSE Inhibitors, Brake O Oils, coolants �Fig 19 seized slave cylinder Fig 22 oxidized wheel piston Fig 20 half removed piston Fig 21 slave cylinder bore Fig 23 pitting on master cylinder piston �Fig 29, Green solid on edge of aluminium strip and screw Figure 1: An Assortment of brake fluids to be tested for suitability in a museum environment. �PROPERTY DOT 3 DOT 4 DOT 5 DOT 5.1 Dry Boil Point (ERBP) 205°C 230°C 260°C 260°C Wet Boil Point (Wet ERBP) 140°C 155°C 180°C 180°C Chemical Composition Glycol Glycol Silicone Glycol Viscosity (-40°C) mm2/s max 1500 1800 900 900 Table 1: Requirements for brake fluid classification according to DOT standards. NOTE ERBP = Equilibrium Reflux Boiling Point. Figure 6: Elevated temperature experimental setup �Figure 10: Graph showing relationship between corrosion rate and brake fluid concentration covering the entire range from pure water to pure brake fluid. Results obtained via the tafel approach with mild steel electrode. Figure 7: Experimental setup for Tafel approach. Figu re 12: Com paris on of corr osio n prot ectio n offer ed by vario us fluid s with steel elect rode . ��Prototype Holden No.1 �Figure 2. Comparison of Holden Prototype No.1 engine oil vs standard after controlled maintenance run for 100km at Oran Park race track Sydney NSW. Note the Fe and Mo residues from a previous engine rebuild using MoS2 grease in the rebuild process. ��1926 Bean car after 10 years display Oil pump pre Screen Conrod locknut. Web of crankshaft Note lack of carbon and Note lack of sludge or Note oil film and cleanness corrosion. carbon build-up of oil Cylinder wall through Oil dripping off bottom end Crankshaft and crank web spark plug hole Note how clean oil is Note old stain but no red rust Crown wheel in Crankcase Water Jacket Cylinder head Water differential Note deposits but no red Jacket rust Note start of failure brown globules are present in small numbers Bean 1926 Fluid: Penrite Shelsley Medium �XRF Comparison of oil after 10 years maintained display 9000 8000 7000 Oil from Bean after 10 years display Standard Base Oil Counts 6000 5000 4000 Zn 3000 Slight variation 2000 Ca 1000 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 KeV Figure 5. Comparison of Bean car engine oil after 10 years’ display and basic periodic maintenance against a current new standard. The “slight variation” is due to bromine that was used as a lead scavenger in the leaded petrol this car ran on in the 1950’s. ��Foundation HAM (Historical Army Material) contracted by the Swiss Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport, is responsible for the conservation, restoration and maintenance of the historical wheeled and tracked vehicle collection of the Swiss military. The collection contains over 700 vehicles (of which about 600 have an engine) and is composed of: •Horse carriages •Cycles •Motorcycles •Jeeps •Trucks •Tanks •Trailers •Aggregates �The foundation is currently carrying out a feasibility study to determine whether it is possible to carry out a maintenance scheme on such a big number of vehicles. This is the protocol as it is being carried out: •Two vehicles are chosen •Fluid levels and brakes are checked and vehicles inspected for any obvious problems •Vehicles are taken to the workshop for another more detailed inspection •The vehicles are driven for exactly 35km over a set out route with two stops for intermediary checks Back at the workshop •The ridden mileage is entered in the logbook of the vehicle •A condition report is established •Afterwards vehicles are put back on their initial place �Conclusions .We have outlined a developing approach to the conservation, maintenance and use of our working collection that incorporates assessment of significance and risk. We have developed a consequence assessment which we believe will be useful in assessing storage, exhibition and use of functional objects. �Conclusions • We have highlighted the importance of analytical research and the gathering of statistical data in developing a flexible maintenance program for each functional object. • We will continue to develop and consolidate these approachs in collaboration with others Nationally and Internationally �Acknowledgements Ursula Satler, Chris Hedditch, Megan Absolon, Lachlan Badger, Andreas Kreil. • David Thurrowgood, Joanna Barr, Ian MacLoad, John Ashton • Colin Ogilvie, Ian Stewart, Eric Archer • Dudley Creagh (UC), ANU RSC, Adrian Lowe, Engineering ANU. �Questions �Can t he AWM use an object from t he collect ion? What is t he significance of t he object ? 1995 How have we progressed? What about t he object is import ant and must be preserved? Import ant Hist oric Object T ype example Reproduct ion not t o be used Can be used Maint enance Monit oring Maint enance What is it 's current st at e? Monit oring What Rat e of degradat ion can be accept ed? Feed-back What is t he risk of use? What is t he cost of use vs st orage? How can we cont rol t he degridat ion? Safet y Use and Work Wear Speed and locat ion T raining and supervision Observat ion and compasion Mileage Maint enance Document at ion Monit oring Feed-back from monit oring condit ion � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Big Stuff 2010 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alison Wain Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010 Article An article in a journal or periodical Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Significance, risk and the maintenance of Engineering and Industrial Objects: a Continuing Conversation Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource David Hallam,, Ainslie Greiner and Michiel Brunott Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010 brake coolant cooling system electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) fluid functional large technology heritage oil Operating Objects operation pH planning risk assessment significance vapour phase corrosion inhibitors (VPI, VCI, VPCI) x-ray fluorescence (XRF)