1 10 2 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/21127/archive/files/1a3a83d53a19641969ebd220bc9ebf86.pdf?Expires=1774483200&Signature=BwzGR9LEODQB7PTALZGtWYnHxEvUTWs4jjVQXLbvglpV-2aG4mv5X2VqCTjUljwEnhTSyYMO3LPyvOYGY4wGzSAdHoKi9nllSF06DYMQDAbCiBbRsJOA0fmrP-0JrjNPUnx3KMZDhpW2KiELx2ezNMfxTzjc8lA2cUGhHaUc3SS7ZuVz5hsaq0svuAlscN8tfgD9yw5fCshFRgXSyDlVAzSeMWq7ifEg4bERLKYaJgruYKoNI3WquB1ZfBnclRi3sWcGpOnQmq5CkrH36VDrsb6xjqkrL1zivVBUSuF%7EbmsKgQAT2rY0Gk%7EBQeEbBhUnf-juur-ST2r%7E6R%7E9zryd8g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM aaebeedb1367c93fa9628696a51639b0 PDF Text Text ��� Article An article in a journal or periodical Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coatings for Industrial Heritage Surfaces - Between the Poles of Aesthetics and Durability Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Stefan Bruggerhoff Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007 coating conservation industrial heritage paint https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/21127/archive/files/eb0e2ace38da0596da15690940b431f0.pdf?Expires=1774483200&Signature=g2xo4W4NqTGlsKjLfa8XP%7EhEDDQ0CRzVttGVoXO-cI7dex8NZvK1QfXXuE%7Ezl6s3heAxrvOtP6QlAR9vM62EOQsdfsmme8klsPo08M-ern03NDDSKtXF22hnGXLGmwzZoRlQiYIj9fW5ouBLmj2nMIcsoXV4U1V6x1u0otgc8do-EIq-DuCWvmMvIy6kvpMW%7EQ6bGj1Ms315Rb%7EtDh5QZnyK1-RGkJlffL%7EIZExhwZRCEkbQSD%7EZvR6wNlx%7EpOaii-g%7Eq-OAnIHMeywKkRjSLm91YjH81wR3IlXrawNQDKeWFOoxCe1Q0-b8aaFJIELGGrX4ZbQl7XABnNZvrmV9OQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 8d11619e32a7c47e05062edc08fbf03d PDF Text Text Matching surface treatments to display environments for industrial objects Yvonne Shashoua, Torben Holst and Henning Matthiesen Department of Conservation National Museum of Denmark �Display outdoors §no protection from variations in temperature, moisture, ultraviolet radiation, salts, pollutants Display outdoors with shelter §partial protection from variations in temperature, moisture, pollutants Display indoors §protection from variations in temperature, moisture, pollutants, though levels may still be unsuitable �1. Outdoor display Evans Silver Factory , Birmingham 1881-2008, presently owned by English Heritage Phase 1 repair building exterior including re-roofing Phase 2 develop building and contents Objects requiring conservation: 15,000 dies, tools and presses to produce silver badges, platters etc. Steel cut faces of dies to be preserved �2. Outdoor display with shelter Open Air Museum, north of Copenhagen 86 acres of land 50 farms, mills and houses moved from original sites dating from 1650-1950 Objects requiring conservation: woodworking tools, farm tools some with fabrication marks �3. Indoor display Brede Works, north of Copenhagen-Denmark’s largest textile factory between 1800s and 1960s Opened as a museum relating the story of the factory and the industrial revolution in Denmark in 2008 Museum is open April to October and has partial environmental control using low energy systems that control relative humidity Objects requiring conservation: machines, transport �Purpose of research: find the best conservation surface treatments to protect iron-containing objects placed outdoors or in partially controlled environments �Specifications for surface treatments: protect metal without maintenance for at least 3 years allow original function or significance reversible or retreatable commercially available user and environmentally friendly �Literature search: surface treatments since 2000 Literature search: testing methods since2000 apply treatments to model substrates expose to accelerated saltspray and real time Danish weather evaluate appearance, adhesion, hardness, oxygen uptake and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) apply best performers to pilot objects monitor performance in-situ �18 surface treatments selected �surface treatment major components Corroheat 4010 Cosmoloid H80 wax + corrosion inhibitor + solvent microcrystalline waxes + hydrocarbon solvents wax + corrosion inhibitor + solvent cellulose nitrate + acetone acrylic + corrosion inhibitor + anti.oxidant + solvent wax + corrosion inhibitor + solvent acrylic + acetone acrylic + flow additive + acetone Dinitrol Car 4941 Frigilene Incralac LPS3 Paraloid B72 Paraloid B72 with 1% perfluorodecyl iodide Poligen ES91009 Renaissance wax wax + surfactant + water Cosmoloid H80+polyethylene wax + solvent Rustilo 2000 Rustilo 3000 Ship-2-Shore Industrial SP400 Tectyl 506 rust preventative Tectyl Glashelder/Klar acrylic spray wax + corrosion inhibitor bitumen + wax + corrosion inhibitor unknown+ water wax + corrosion inhibitor wax + corrosion inhibitor acrylic + corrosion inhibitor + solvent Tromm III Vp CI-386 acrylic primer/topcoat mixture of waxes + solvent acrylic + corrosion inhibitor + water �Factors which prevent inter-research comparison of coatings: variation in dry-film thickness ie. apply as manufacturer recommends solution: all coatings applied at 25 micron dry film. They have already been shown to be effective at slowing corrosion non-standard testing techniques solution: BS or ASTM standards where possible non-standard reference coatings solution: no reference coatings- equal comparison �Surface treatments were applied to model Q-panels by brush to produce 25microns dry film thickness �Adhesion tests Renaissance wax Poligen ES91009 100% adheres Paraloid B72 85% adheres LPS3 42% adheres �Chemical Evaluation of Coatings Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) indicates resistance of surface to corrosion Oxygen consumption yields a corrosion rate of iron �Oxygen consumption xMe + yO2 → MexO2y O2 Me Concept: the decrease in oxygen concentration is measured in an enclosed air volume at the metal surface �Oxygen consumption • Petri dishes attached to panel with epoxy • small amount of 0.03 M NaCl added • oxygen concentration measured regularly �Real time outdoors exposure ��Visual examination of panels once a week for 1 year �Appearance of panels before (left) and after 1 year of real time exposure �Surface treatment Adhesion to Q-panel Percentage surface covered by Visible changes after (% of coating remaining on corrosion after 504 hours salt exposure to Danish panel) spray test (%) weather for 12 new/after 12 months in months Danish weather None (bare panel) Rate of corrosion by oxygen consumption after 70 days (µm year-1) 100 corroded 130 Corroheat 4010 Cosmoloid H80 97/40 85/90 0 0 very discoloured corrosion at edges 2.7 <0.1 Dinitrol Car/4941 100/50 0 0.7 Frigilene Incralac 100/95 90/90 50 8 loss of gloss. two rust spots evenly corroded spots of corrosion 0.1 <0.1 LPS3 Paraloid B72 40/100 86/40 0 8 darkened unevenly corroded 0.1 0.2 Paraloid B72 with 1% perfluorodecyl iodide (PI) Poligen ES91009 95/40 50 unevenly corroded 0.4 100/100 50 16.6 98/100 100/100 100/100 liquid-unable to measure adhesion 95/95 50 8 1 50 discrete spots of corrosion corroded evenly corroded loss of gloss very corroded 0 uneven appearance 0.2 100/100 100/100 0.5 50 1.5 1.5 99/85 50 100/100 1 discoloured 30% surface corroded or discoloured 50% spots of corrosion 20% spots of corrosion Renaissance wax Rustilo 2000 Rustilo 3000 Ship-2-shore Industrial SP400 Tectyl 506 rust preventative Tectyl Glashelder/Klar spray Tromm III VpCI-386 acrylic primer/topcoat - 1.9 0.4 1.9 3.5 0.1 �surface treatment major components Cosmoloid H80 Dinitrol Car 4941 (black) microcrystalline waxes + hydrocarbon solvents wax + corrosion inhibitor + solvent LPS3 (aerosol spray) wax + corrosion inhibitor + solvent Rustilo 3000 (black) bitumen + wax + corrosion inhibitor SP400 wax + corrosion inhibitor Vp CI-386 acrylic primer/topcoat acrylic + corrosion inhibitor + water �1. Outdoor display Specifications for coating: ü protects against unstable temperature, humidity levels, salts and particles ü allows retention of original appearance as far as possible ü in-situ application eg low health and safety requirement ü application by dipping or brushing �Cosmoloid H80 *** ühigh weathering resistance ühigh UV resistance ülow gloss and transparent ücan be applied without solvent VPCI-386 ühigh weathering resistance vpoor salt resistance ütransparent and low gloss üwater-based SP400 vmedium weathering resistance vpoor UV resistance ülow gloss and transparent vrequires solvent �2. Outdoor display with shelter Specifications for coating: √ protects against unstable temperature, humidity levels, salts and particles √ allows retention of original appearance as far as possible �Alkyd paint with graphite in topcoat üresisted corrosion for ca. 10 years üresembles new iron vdifficult to remove Rustilo 2000 ü marked with thumbnail vpoor resistance to ultraviolet light (experience showed otherwise) VPCI-386 *** ühigh weathering resistance vpoor salt resistance ütransparent and low gloss üreadily removable �3. Indoor display Specifications for coating: ü allows retention of original appearance as far as possible ü protects against unstable temperature, humidity levels and unwanted handling �Surface treatment Adhesion to Q-panel Percentage surface covered by Visible changes after (% of coating remaining on corrosion after 504 hours salt exposure to Danish panel) spray test (%) weather for 12 new/after 12 months in months Danish weather None (bare panel) Rate of corrosion by oxygen consumption after 70 days (µm year-1) 100 corroded 130 Corroheat 4010 Cosmoloid H80 97/40 85/90 0 0 very discoloured corrosion at edges 2.7 <0.1 Dinitrol Car/4941 100/50 0 0.7 Frigilene Incralac 100/95 90/90 50 8 loss of gloss. two rust spots evenly corroded spots of corrosion 0.1 <0.1 LPS3 Paraloid B72 40/100 86/40 0 8 darkened unevenly corroded 0.1 0.2 Paraloid B72 with 1% perfluorodecyl iodide (PI) Poligen ES91009 95/40 50 unevenly corroded 0.4 100/100 50 16.6 98/100 100/100 100/100 liquid-unable to measure adhesion 95/95 50 8 1 50 discrete spots of corrosion corroded evenly corroded loss of gloss very corroded 0 uneven appearance 0.2 100/100 100/100 0.5 50 1.5 1.5 99/85 50 100/100 1 discoloured 30% surface corroded or discoloured 50% spots of corrosion 20% spots of corrosion Renaissance wax Rustilo 2000 Rustilo 3000 Ship-2-shore Industrial SP400 Tectyl 506 rust preventative Tectyl Glashelder/Klar spray Tromm III VpCI-386 acrylic primer/topcoat - 1.9 0.4 1.9 3.5 0.1 �Corroheat 4010 √ good resistance to corrosion √ good adhesion to metal X highly discoloured after ageing VPCI-386 *** √ transparent and high gloss √ readily removable with solvent �Conclusions selection of protective coatings from literature alone is a minefield – coatings are rarely compared on an equal basis oxygen consumption is a good predictor of protection from corrosion while adhesion tests are poor predictors evaluation by both physical and chemical/electrochemical techniques combined with salt spray and real time exposure suggests that wax-based coatings were more resistant to water, UV light and salt than acrylic-based selection of coatings is a compromise but any coating is better protection than no coating reference coatings should either be appropriate or absent � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Big Stuff 2010 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alison Wain Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010 Article An article in a journal or periodical Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Matching surface treatments to display environments for industrial objects Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Yvonne Shashoua, Torben Holst and Henning Matthiesen Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010 coating corrosion corrosion protection electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) outdoor paint product evaluation