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                    <text>Strategies for Preserving Layers of History on Apollo-Era Flown engines
Paul Mardikian(1), Claudia Chemello(1), Jerrad Alexander(2),
(1) Terra Mare Conservation, LLC, Charleston USA
(2) Kansas Cosmosphere and Space Center, Hutchinson USA
Abstract
In March 2013, 25,000 pounds (12.5 tons) of Apollo-era (1969-1972) Saturn V rocket
engine parts were recovered off the coast of Florida after more than 40 years on the floor
of the Atlantic Ocean. The expedition was sponsored by Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s founder
and chief executive, with the support of NASA.
The engine parts were recovered from a debris field of 300 square miles at a depth of
approximately 14,000 feet (4,300 meters) using deep-sea sonar and remote operated
vehicles. The recovery initiated exceptional press coverage and launched an
unprecedented conservation project to preserve the most powerful liquid-fueled yet
disposal engines that were ever made.
This presentation will discuss the technical challenges faced in preserving complex
artifacts made from a combination of super-alloys and other modern materials, many of
which are unfamiliar to conservators, and address how the treatment was able to preserve
traces of use and the passage of these artifacts through time. These traces include mission
identification stencils, self-adhesive labels that were observed during the documentation
process; evidence of engine use such as accumulated soot on the combustion chambers
and specific coloration such as bluing still visible on certain parts of the engines;
evidence of deformation of the engines upon impact with the water; corrosion stains or
patterns indicating the position of the object in the sediment.
This presentation will show how applying the right degree of cleaning to each object
using a combination of techniques was deemed critical to their long-term preservation,
historical significance, and the aesthetic appeal of the collection as a whole. The paper
will also demonstrate how a multidisciplinary dialogue was key to the success of the
project and prompted effective integration of conservation theory and practice to identify,
preserve and interpret this remarkable collection of modern aerospace heritage.

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                  <text>Alison Wain</text>
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